economist 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家

socialist economy 社會主義經(jīng)濟(jì)

capitalist economy 資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)

collective economy 集體經(jīng)濟(jì)

planned economy 計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)

controlled economy 管制經(jīng)濟(jì)

rural economics 農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)

liberal economy 自由經(jīng)濟(jì)

mixed economy 混合經(jīng)濟(jì)

political economy 政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

protectionism 保護(hù)主義

autarchy 閉關(guān)自守

primary sector 初級成分

private sector 私營成分,私營部門

public sector 公共部門,公共成分

economic channels 經(jīng)濟(jì)渠道

economic balance 經(jīng)濟(jì)平衡

economic fluctuation 經(jīng)濟(jì)波動

economic depression 經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退

economic stability 經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定

economic policy 經(jīng)濟(jì)政策

economic recovery 經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)原

understanding 約定

concentration 集中

holding company 控股公司

trust 托拉斯

cartel 卡特爾

rate of growth 增長

economic trend 經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢

economic situation 經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢

infrastructure 基本建設(shè)

standard of living 生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn),生活水平

purchasing power, buying power 購買力

scarcity 短缺

stagnation 停滯,蕭條,不景氣

underdevelopment 不發(fā)達(dá)

underdeveloped 不發(fā)達(dá)的

developing 發(fā)展中的
 
initial capital 創(chuàng)辦資本

frozen capital 凍結(jié)資金

frozen assets 凍結(jié)資產(chǎn)

fixed assets 固定資產(chǎn)

real estate 不動產(chǎn),房地產(chǎn)

circulating capital, working capital 流動資本

available capital 可用資產(chǎn)

capital goods 資本貨物

reserve 準(zhǔn)備金,儲備金

calling up of capital 催繳資本

allocation of funds 資金分配

contribution of funds 資金捐獻(xiàn)

working capital fund 周轉(zhuǎn)基金

revolving fund 循環(huán)基金,周轉(zhuǎn)性基金

contingency fund 意外開支,準(zhǔn)備金

reserve fund 準(zhǔn)備金

buffer fund 緩沖基金,平準(zhǔn)基金

sinking fund 償債基金

investment 投資,資產(chǎn)

investor 投資人

self-financing 自籌經(jīng)費,經(jīng)費自給

bank 銀行

current account 經(jīng)常帳戶 (美作:checking account)

current-account holder 支票帳戶 (美作:checking-account holder)

cheque 支票 (美作:check)

bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 無記名支票,來人支票

crossed cheque 劃線支票

traveller's cheque 旅行支票

chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook)

endorsement 背書

transfer 轉(zhuǎn)讓,轉(zhuǎn)帳,過戶

money 貨幣

issue 發(fā)行

ready money 現(xiàn)錢

cash 現(xiàn)金

ready money business, no credit given 現(xiàn)金交易,概不賒欠

change 零錢

banknote, note 鈔票,紙幣 (美作:bill)

to pay (in) cash 付現(xiàn)金

domestic currency, local currency] 本國貨幣

convertibility 可兌換性

convertible currencies 可自由兌換貨幣

exchange rate 匯率,兌換率

foreign exchange 外匯

floating exchange rate 浮動匯率

free exchange rates 自由匯兌市場

foreign exchange certificate 外匯兌換券

hard currency 硬通貨

speculation 投機

saving 儲裝,存款

depreciation 減價,貶值

devaluation (貨幣)貶值

revaluation 重估價

runaway inflation 無法控制的通貨膨脹

deflation 通貨緊縮

capital flight 資本外逃

securities business 證券市場

stock exchange 股票市場

stock exchange corporation 證券交易所

stock exchange 證券交易所,股票交易所

quotation 報價,牌價

share 股份,股票

shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股東

dividend 股息,紅利

cash dividend 現(xiàn)金配股

stock investment 股票投資

investment trust 投資信托

stock-jobber 股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人

stock company, stock brokerage firm 證券公司

securities 有價證券

share, common stock 普通股

preference stock 優(yōu)先股

income gain 股利收入

issue 發(fā)行股票

par value 股面價格, 票面價格

bull 買手, 多頭

bear 賣手, 空頭

assigned 過戶

opening price 開盤

closing price 收盤

hard times 低潮

business recession 景氣衰退

doldrums 景氣停滯

dull 盤整

ease 松弛

raising limit 漲停板

break 暴跌

bond, debenture 債券

Wall Street 華爾街
 
short term loan 短期貸款

long term loan 長期貸款

medium term loan 中期貸款

lender 債權(quán)人

creditor 債權(quán)人

debtor 債務(wù)人,借方

borrower 借方,借款人

borrowing 借款

interest 利息

rate of interest 利率

discount 貼現(xiàn),折扣

rediscount 再貼現(xiàn)

annuity 年金

maturity 到期日,償還日

amortization 攤銷,攤還,分期償付

redemption 償還

insurance 保險

mortgage 抵押

allotment 撥款

short term credit 短期信貸

consolidated debt 合并債務(wù)

funded debt 固定債務(wù),長期債務(wù)

floating debt 流動債務(wù)

drawing 提款,提存

aid 援助

allowance, grant, subsidy 補貼,補助金,津貼

cost 成本,費用

expenditure, outgoings 開支,支出

fixed costs 固定成本

overhead costs 營業(yè)間接成本

overheads 雜項開支,間接成本

operating costs 生產(chǎn)費用,營業(yè)成本

operating expenses 營業(yè)費用

running expenses 日常費用,經(jīng)營費用

miscellaneous costs 雜項費用

overhead expenses 間接費用,管理費用

upkeep costs, maintenance costs 維修費用,養(yǎng)護(hù)費用

transport costs 運輸費用

social charges 社會負(fù)擔(dān)費用

contingent expenses, contingencies 或有費用

apportionment of expenses 分?jǐn)傎M用

income 收入,收益

earnings 利潤,收益

gross income, gross earnings 總收入,總收益

gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,總利潤,利益毛額

net income 純收益,凈收入,收益凈額

average income 平均收入

national income 國民收入

profitability, profit earning capacity 利潤率,贏利率

yield 產(chǎn)量收益,收益率

increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值

duty 稅

taxation system 稅制

taxation 征稅,納稅

fiscal charges 財務(wù)稅收

progressive taxation 累進(jìn)稅制

graduated tax 累進(jìn)稅

value added tax 增值稅

income tax 所得稅

land tax 地租,地價稅

excise tax 特許權(quán)稅

basis of assessment 估稅標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

taxable income 須納稅的收入

fiscality 檢查

tax-free 免稅的

tax exemption 免稅

taxpayer 納稅人

tax collector 收稅員
 
國民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP (Gross National Product)

人均國民生產(chǎn)總值 per capita GNP

產(chǎn)值 output value

鼓勵 give incentive to

投入 input

宏觀控制 exercise macro-control

優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu) optimize the economic structure

輸入活力 bring vigor into

改善經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境 improve economic environment

整頓經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序 rectify economic order

有效地控制通貨膨脹 effectively control inflation

非公有成分 non-public sectors

主要成分 dominant sector

實在的 tangible

全體會議 plenary session

解放生產(chǎn)力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces

引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley

舉措 move

實事求是 seek truth from facts

引進(jìn)、輸入 importation

和平演變 peaceful evolution

試一下 have a go (at sth.)

精華、精粹、實質(zhì) quintessence

家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)責(zé)任承包制 family-contract responsibility system

搞活企業(yè) invigorate enterprises

商品經(jīng)濟(jì) commodity economy

基石 cornerstone

零售 retail

發(fā)電量 electric energy production

有色金屬 nonferrous metals

人均收入 per capita income

使負(fù)擔(dān) be saddled with

營業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的公司 going concerns

被兼并或擠掉 annexed or forced out of business

善于接受的 receptive

增額、增值、增長 increment

發(fā)展過快 excessive growth

抽樣調(diào)查 data from the sample survey

扣除物價上漲部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)

實際增長率 actual growth rate

國際收支 international balance of payments

流通制度 circulation system

總工資 total wages

分配形式 forms of distribution

風(fēng)險資金 risk funds

管理不善 poor management

農(nóng)業(yè) farming

林業(yè) forestry

畜牧業(yè) animal husbandry

副業(yè) sideline production

漁業(yè) fishing

第一產(chǎn)業(yè) primary industry

第二產(chǎn)業(yè) secondary industry

第三產(chǎn)業(yè) tertiary industry

生產(chǎn)資料 means of production

生活資料 means of livelihood/subsistence

生產(chǎn)關(guān)系 relations of production

生產(chǎn)力 productive forces

公有制 public ownership

私有制 private ownership

全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people

社會主義集體所有制 socialist collective ownership

厲行節(jié)約，反對浪費 to practice strict economy and combat waste

外資企業(yè) foreign-funded enterprise

合資企業(yè) joint venture

合作企業(yè) cooperative enterprise

獨資企業(yè) wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise

一個中心、兩個基本點one central task and two basic points

以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，堅持四項基本原則（1）社會主義道路（2）黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)（3）人民民主專政（4）馬列主義毛澤東思想、堅持改革開放

the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening.

改革是“社會主義制度的自我完善和自我發(fā)展”。

Reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."

我們辨別的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是看這樣做是否有利于發(fā)展社會主義的生產(chǎn)力，是否有利于增強社會主義國家的綜合國力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。

The criterion for our judgement is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.

社會主義的最終目標(biāo)是解放生產(chǎn)力，消滅剝削，消除貧富兩極分化，最終達(dá)到共同富裕。

The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.

要人們警惕右和“左”的影響，特別是“左”的根深蒂固的影響。

to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the "Left" deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted "Left" influence.

中國要警惕右，但更要防“左”。

China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the "Left"deviation.

資本主義和社會主義并不是以計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)和市場的多少來劃分的。

Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.

隨著改革的深化，國家指令性計劃的范圍將會縮小，而市場調(diào)節(jié)的范圍將會擴(kuò)大。

As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.

初步建立社會主義計劃商品經(jīng)濟(jì)新體制。

to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.

各盡所能，按勞/需分配。

from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs. 經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)改革。

reform in economic structure 剩余勞動力。

surplus labor 經(jīng)營機制

operative mechanism 發(fā)揮市場的調(diào)節(jié)作用

to give play to the regulatory role of the market 經(jīng)濟(jì)和法律的杠桿

economic and legal leverages 經(jīng)濟(jì)計劃和市場調(diào)節(jié)相結(jié)合

to combine economic planning with market regulation

計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)和市場調(diào)節(jié)相結(jié)合的機制

a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation

取消國家對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷

to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products

改革重點轉(zhuǎn)移到城市

the focus of reform is shifted to the cities

國家的根本任務(wù)是，集中力量進(jìn)行社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)

The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.

逐步實現(xiàn)工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、國防和科學(xué)技術(shù)的現(xiàn)代化，把我國建設(shè)成為富強、民主、文明的社會主義國家。

to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defence and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.

社會主義經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的基礎(chǔ)是生產(chǎn)資料的社會主義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動群眾集體所有制。

The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.

國有經(jīng)濟(jì)，即社會主義全民所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的主導(dǎo)力量。

The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy.

國家保障國有經(jīng)濟(jì)的鞏固和發(fā)展。

The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.
 
China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T.

中國國際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會

National Council for US-China Trade 美中貿(mào)易全國理事會

Japan-China Economic Association 日中經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)會

Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本國際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)會

British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英國國際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會

International Chamber of Commerce 國際商會

International Union of Marine Insurance 國際海洋運輸保險協(xié)會

International Alumina Association 國際鋁礬土協(xié)會

Universal Postal Union, UPU 萬國郵政聯(lián)盟

Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 關(guān)稅合作理事會

United Nations Trade and Development Board 聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易與發(fā)展理事會

Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與開發(fā)組織

European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體

European Free Trade Association, EFTA 歐洲自由貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟

European Free Trade Area, EFTA 歐洲自由貿(mào)易區(qū)

Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 經(jīng)濟(jì)互助委員會

Eurogroup 歐洲集團(tuán)

Group of Ten 十國集團(tuán)

Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十國委員會

Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎統(tǒng)籌委員會

Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA加勒比共同市場（加勒比自由貿(mào)易同盟）

Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市場

Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟

Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市場

African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲與馬爾加什共同組織

East African Common Market, EACM 東非共同市場

Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非關(guān)稅經(jīng)濟(jì)同盟

West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油輸出國組織

Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油輸出國組織

Commonwealth Preference Area 英聯(lián)邦特惠區(qū)

Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade
法國對外貿(mào)易中心

People's Bank of China 中國人民銀行

Bank of China 中國銀行

International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 國際復(fù)興開發(fā)銀行

World Bank 世界銀行

International Development association, IDA 國際開發(fā)協(xié)會

International Monetary Found Agreement 國際貨幣基金協(xié)定

International Monetary Found, IMF 國際貨幣基金組織

European Economic and Monetary Union 歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)與貨幣同盟

European Monetary Cooperation Fund 歐洲貨幣合作基金

Bank for International Settlements, BIS 國際結(jié)算銀行

African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲開發(fā)銀行

Export-Import Bank of Washington 美國進(jìn)出口銀行

National city Bank of New York 花旗銀行

American Oriental Banking Corporation 美豐銀行

American Express Co. Inc. 美國萬國寶通銀行

The Chase Bank 大通銀行

Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美開發(fā)銀行

European Investment Bank, EIB 歐洲投資銀行

Midland Bank,Ltd. 米蘭銀行

United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士聯(lián)合銀行

Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦銀行

Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 東京銀行

Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港匯豐銀行

International Finance Corporation, IFC 國際金融公司

La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同體

Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 聯(lián)合國經(jīng)濟(jì)及社會理事會

United Nations Development Program, NUDP 聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署

United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 聯(lián)合國資本開發(fā)基金

United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 聯(lián)合國工業(yè)發(fā)展組織

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易與發(fā)展會議

Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 糧食與農(nóng)業(yè)組織, 糧農(nóng)組織

Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會

Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會

Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亞洲及遠(yuǎn)東經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會

Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亞經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會

Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會

Overseas Chinese Investment Company 華僑投資公司

New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 紐約證券交易所

London Stock Market 倫敦股票市場

Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波羅的海商業(yè)和航運交易所